23/04/2013
簡明數字表達 避免誤導
近年不時看到美容產品廣告聲稱可以在一兩個月內改善多年積累的皮膚頭髮問題,例如「28天有效減少4年暗沉膚色」、「一個月內幫助修護兩年的秀髮受損」,有的還附上使用產品的前後對比照,加強說明力。我從未遇上如此神奇的產品,看到這些字句,會自動忽略。
廣告也受監管,不許誇大失實。我大概會將例二理解為:「一個月內『同時』幫助修護『歷時兩年的』秀髮受損」,該護髮產品幫助修護那把已經束了兩年的秀髮。
這些文字遊戲,在廣告出現尚可理解,但於公司報告出現,就不免有誤導之嫌(misleading),大大降低可信性(credibility)。以下舉兩例,我認為其表達數字的方式迂迴含混,失去引用客觀數據,以增強說明力之效。
迂迴含混
98% of the graduates who would like to pursue further education were admitted to local universities. 95% of the graduates who would like to seek employment were employed full-time.
若果用大大隻字表示98%和95%,驟眼看起來很了不起。不過,稍為想想,頓時覺得這些數字比廢話更廢。98%「選擇升學的」畢業生成功入讀本地大學,95%「選擇就業的」畢業生成功獲聘全職工作!何時和如何統計哪些畢業生「選擇升學」,哪些畢業生「選擇就業」乃關鍵。難道要受眾連統計方法也深究一番,才可得知完整的畫面﹖懶理的受眾大慨佔多數。然而兩者均不會從這「統計結果」,得知全體畢業生實質的升學和就業情況,甚至認為院校有所隱瞞。較易於理解和直接的表達應以全體畢業生為基礎,計算升學就業百分比,例如:45% graduates were admitted to local universities while 40% were employed full-time.
歸功於己
Evaluate the effectiveness of the event
The number of visitors increased from 3,500 last year to 5,500 this year.
用數據評估活動成效本是可取,但了解一下活動背景後,發現該公司只是數十家參展商之一,根本不能將大會的入場人數,全數歸功於自己公司。要準確衡量公司攤位的成效,用公司攤位的參觀人數、營業額或即埸問卷等的數據較理想,例如:
The number of visitors to our company’s booth recorded a 25% increase from 2,000 last year to 2,500 this year, generating $1.75 million in revenue. The enclosed survey results show that the customers were particularly pleased with our new products and the booth design.
清晰簡明、直接相關的客觀數字,才可有效加強說服力。
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